Around 6000 BCE, it is thought that the Sumerians invented the arch. However, the Romans get most of the credit for developing the design.
Arches have been utilised in the building of ancient nations for thousands of years, making it impossible to determine who exactly invented them. The Sumerians are given credit for the presence of arches in ancient aqueduct remains. The Romans worked out how to fortify the arch so that the weight exerted upon it could be spread more equally. The endurance of Roman constructions is mostly attributed to the Roman invention of concrete, which was used to reinforce the midsection. The keystone, which serves as the pivot stone that distributes weight throughout the construction based on the force exerted on it, is the arch’s base. Due to the need for the stones of an arch to fit together tightly, concrete was used to seal the joints between them. The Romans also discovered that arches repeated at regular intervals support the construction of massive constructions like the Colosseum of Rome. Additionally, the Romans flattened the arches originally designed by earlier civilizations. The optimal arch width was calculated using Greek column design and spacing to improve weight distribution.
